You have to enable logging of that message. You can query sys.messages to see all the available messages. The english version of the message you are looking for is found with this query:
select * from sys.messages where language_id = 1033 and text like '%deadlock victim%'
The french language_id I believe is 1036....I don't have all languages installed on my system, so I can't test...
English version query returns message id 1205. To enable logging of this message, run:
sp_altermessage 1205, 'WITH_LOG', 'true';
By default, only messages with a severity level between 19 and 25 are logged. This one is a severity level 13.