Assuming that you want to update status column with the output value of the variable @chStatus, then you have to do
EXEC dbo.Temp @chStatus OUTPUT
UPDATE @tb SET Status = @chStatus
If that is not the case, if the procedure returns a resultset and of which the status is updated, the you have to do
INSERT @tbltemp
EXEC dbo.Temp @chStatus OUTPUT
UPDATE t SET t.Status = tmp.Status
FROM @tb t INNER JOIN @tbltemp tmp on t.SomeJoinCriteria = tmp.SomeJoinCriteria