Thank you for sharing!

This just solved my issue.

The client sent a csv file with additional columns that weren't in the other csv files. Essentially, the additional columns are not in...

SQL error: "the process could not execute SP_repldone/sp_replcounters".

The fix was actually surprisingly easy. You just need to:
1) drop replication > EXEC dbo.usp_Replication_Drop;
2) recreate your publication(s) > 
USE [databaseName]
GO
EXEC [dbo].[usp_ReplicationCreatePublication_NameOfPublication]
WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:30';...

It turned out to be the udp port 1433 needed to  be open on the firewall to let users outside the domain access the SQL server instances for my scenario.